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Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) is a United States clearing house based in Chicago. It specialises in equity derivatives clearing, providing central counterparty (CCP) clearing and settlement services to 14 exchanges. Instruments include options, financial and commodity futures, security futures and securities lending transactions. Like all clearing houses, the OCC acts as guarantor between clearing parties ensuring that the obligations of the contracts they clear are fulfilled. As of 2011, OCC was the largest equity derivatives clearing organization in the United States and operates under the jurisdiction of both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Under its SEC jurisdiction, OCC clears transactions for put and call options on common stock and other equity issues, stock indexes, foreign currencies, interest rate composites and single-stock futures. As a registered Derivatives Clearing Organization (DCO) under CFTC jurisdiction, OCC offer clearing and settlement services for transactions in futures and options on futures contracts. OCC is overseen by a clearing member dominated board of directors and operates as a financial market utility, receiving most of its revenue from clearing fees charged to its members. ==History== The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) was founded in 1973, initially as a clearinghouse for five listed markets for equity options. Prior to its establishment, and due to a great deal of encouragement from the SEC, the Chicago Board Options Exchange had its own clearing entity, the CBOE Clearing Corporation. Clearing volumes have increased dramatically since its launch, reflecting the growing use of equity options. In October 2000, for example, the clearinghouse reported a clearing monthly volume record of 75.3 million contracts. In August 2011, OCC reported a record monthly volume of 550 million contracts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC Timeline )〕 In February 2014, OCC cleared contract volume reached a record high of 395,595,620 contracts for January volume.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC Announces Record January for Options, Futures and Stock Loan Activity )〕 On August 8, 2011, Standard & Poor's lowered the ratings on clearing facilities including the OCC, to double-A-plus, one step below the coveted triple-A rating. OCC issued a statement in response to the downgrade, that included this quote from OCC's then- chairman and CEO Wayne P. Luthringshausen: “This rating change will have no negative impact on OCC’s operations or our ability to meet our obligations to OCC’s clearing members." 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC Statement Regarding the S&P Change on OCC Counterparty Risk )〕 Also in 2011, Standard & Poor's and OCC announced a licensing agreement whereby OCC would clear over-the-counter (OTC) options based on the S&P 500. The deal marked the first time a clearing house would clear OTC options on S&P indexes. It also included the S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=S&P And The Options Clearing Corporation Bring Central Counterparty Clearing To OTC Index Options )〕 OCC officially received regulatory approvals to clear OTC equity index options in January 2014. The launch of the OTC S&P 500 equity index option clearing services is expected in the second quarter of 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC Prepares to Launch OTC S&P 500 Equity Index Options Clearing )〕 In September 2013, OCC filed to become compliant with the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, which will enable banks registered in the region to trade U.S. options without incurring higher capital costs for firms there who want to trade U.S. equity derivatives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC Plan May Cut Capital Costs for Europe Options Traders )〕 In September 2014, OCC announced that CEO Michael Cahill, 56, would retire from the company at the end of the year. He worked at OCC for 32 years. OCC's board of directors has started the process of searching for a new CEO, according to a statement. Executive Chairman Craig Donohue will oversee a transition of Cahill's responsibilities to other OCC executives during the search; Chief Operating Officer Michael McClain, 46, took on the additional title of president as part of the transition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. options clearinghouse CEO to retire after year in top spot )〕 On September 29, 2014, OCC and the U.S. options exchanges announced the adoption of new principles-based risk control standards. The new standards include price reasonability checks, drill-through protections, activity-based protections and kill-switch protections, pending regulatory approval. The reforms are designed to reduce the risk of errors or unintended activity that could cause or contribute to a financial loss to market participants and OCC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OCC and The U.S. Options Exchanges Announce New Risk Control Standards to Strengthen Industry Protections )〕 Also subject to regulatory approval, starting on June 30, 2016, OCC will impose an additional $.02 charge per contract side on clearing members for transactions that have been executed at exchanges that have not demonstrated compliance with the exchange risk control standards. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Options Clearing Corporation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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